This is a video that exemplifies upward social comparison, where the main guy in the video has become a "big fish" in a small pond, basically forsaking what he had before and embracing his new role of comparing himself to people who are "below" him.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKVkx1xH1lA
Natalie Favorite A08098936
Wednesday, June 9, 2010
Bystander Effect
The bystander effect is the somewhat controversial name given to a social psychological phenomenon in cases where individuals do not offer help in an emergency situation when other people are present. The probability of help has in the past been thought to be inversely proportional to the number of bystanders. In other words, the greater the number of bystanders, the less likely it is that any one of them will help. This list describes the prototype of the effect and cites nine particularly heinous examples.
10The Parable of The Good Samaritan
First, the prototype of the bystander effect. Jesus tells a story to a lawyer, who, in all other ways, is blameless and upright in God’s eyes. He obeys the Ten Commandments, and loves his neighbor as himself. But he asks Jesus, “Who is my neighbor?”
Jesus then explains, with the following parable, that everyone is everyone’s neighbor, and that help should be offered to anyone in need of it, regardless of who or what that person is.
A Jew is going along the road, and is beset by bandits, who beat him severely, strip his clothes, and rob him. They leave him for dead. Later, a priest walks by. He sees the Jew, moves to the other side of the road, and walks by without helping. Later, a Levite goes by, sees him, and gives him a wide berth, going on without helping.
Later, a Samaritan (considered by the Jews to be outcasts) comes by, sees him, and immediately helps him, taking him to a nearby inn, caring for him, and paying the innkeeper.
“Which of these is the neighbor of the Jew who is beaten by robbers?” Jesus asked.
“The merciful one,” replied the lawyer.
“Go and do likewise.”
In the following nine examples, no one goes and does likewise.
9Shanda Sharer
From the 10th to the 11th of Janury, 1992, 12-year-old Shanda Sharer was abducted and tortured by four teenage girls, Laurie Tackett, Melinda Loveless (a propo), Hope Rippey, and Toni Lawrence. Tackett was more or less the leader of the four, and interested the others in the Goth lifestyle, punk rock, vampirism, witchcraft, Satanism, lesbianism, and such, and devised the plan for abducting Sharer and stabbing her to death, out of revenge for stealing Loveless’s girlfriend.
They abducted Sharer from her house just after midnight, pretending to take her to see their mutual friend, Amanda Heavrin, the girlfriend Lovelessbelieved Sharer to have stolen. As soon as she was in the car, Loveless put a knife to her throat and interrogated her about Heavrin, until they arrived at “the Witch’s Castle,” a local run-down house where teenagers liked to hang out.
They took her inside, tied her up and discuss how they would kill her, at which point Sharer started crying. They claim to have been frightened by passing headlights, so they took her to a nearby landfill in thick woods, where Loveless beat her savagely with her fists. Lawrence and Rippey claim to have wanted out of the situation by this point, but did not dare try to run and call the police.
Loveless then tried to cut Sharer’s throat but the knife was too dull. Rippey then got out, had Loveless and Tackett hold her down, and strangled her with a rope. They thought she was dead and threw in the trunk, then went to Tackett’s home to wash up. They heard Sharer screaming, and Tackett went out with a kitchen knife and returned covered in blood. The screaming had stopped.
She then took out her runes, part of the Wicca lifestyle, and told the girls’ futures. They then Tackett and Loveless went joyriding from 2:30 AM, while Lawrence and Rippey stayed at her home. Sharer began struggling to get out of the trunk, so Tackett stopped, and beat her unconscious with a tire iron.
They returned a little before dawn, washed up again, and Tackett laughed as she told what she had done. They left and went to a neighborhood burning area, where leaves and limbs, etc., are disposed of, and showed Sharer, nearly dead in the trunk to the others. Lawrence claimed to have been so disgusted that she turned away. She still refused to rat out her friends. Tackett sprayed Sharer with Windex, probably to exacerbate her wounds, and taunted her, “You’re not looking so hot, now, are you?”
They then filled a 2-liter Pepsi bottle with gasoline at a nearby station, drove to a secluded field, laid Sharer, alive, in a blanket in the grass, doused and set her afire. Loveless returned a moment later and poured the rest of the gasoline on her, to be sure.
Lawrence was scared to death by this point, and finally called a friend of the same age, and told her what had happened. She refused to call the police, now out of fear as an accomplice. Loveless strangled became hysterical, sorry about what she had done, and called Amanda Heavrin to tell her. Heavrin did not believe them, until she and another friend saw the trunk of Tackett’s car with blood and Sharer’s socks.
None of them called the police. Sharer’s body as discovered by two hunters earlier that morning, the 11th, and reported. By 8:00 PM that night, the whole community knew, and Loveless finally confessed in a fit of hysteria to the police. Tackett, Loveless, and Rippey were sentenced to 60 years in prison, Lawrence 20 years. Lawrence was released on good behavior in 2000, Rippey in 2006.
8Ilan Halimi
Ilan Halimi was a French Jew who was kidnapped in Paris by Moroccan “barbarians,” as they like to be called, on Janury 21, 2006, and tortured for 24 days, finally dying on February 13. During this time, his kidnappers, at least 20 of them, beat him all over his body, especially his testicles, completely wrapped his head in duct tape, except for his mouth, so he could breathe and eat, stabbed him, burned his body and face with lighters and cigarettes, and broke his fingers in order to extract a ransom of 450,000 Euros from his family. They stripped him, they scratched him, they cut him with knives, and finally poured gasoline on him and set him afire.
During these three weeks, neighbors in the apartment block where his kidnappers had taken him (and where they lived) heard the commotion and came to watch. No one ever called the police. 27 people have so far been charged with joining in. 19 people have been convicted and given long prison sentences. One of the torturer’s fathers knew what was happening and did nothing to stop them. This man, Alcino Ribeiro, was sentenced to 8 months, but this sentence was suspended. He has served no time.
Those neighbors known only to have watched were not convicted, most not even indicted. Halimi was found handcuffed and bound with nylon rope, naked, to a tree about 40 yards inside a woodlot from a railway outside Paris, on February 13. More than 80% of his body had been burned with acid, as well as gasoline, to the point that he was difficult to recognize. He had severe contusions, blood blisters, and hematomas covering most of his body, to the point that he was more blue than flesh-colored, multiple broken bones, one ear and one big toe missing, and his testicles looked like “blackened oranges.”
Halimi died en route to a hospital.
7Edison Electrocutes an Elephant
Not just Topsy the Elephant, but a rather long series of animals, all of which had shown themselves to be a danger to humans. This included horses, lions, tigers, and bears. Edison was happy to oblige the state of NY in executing these “menaces to society,” by employing alternating current, but his ulterior motive was merely to show the world the danger of alternating current, invented by Nikola Tesla, his arch-rival. Edison’s direct current didn’t have the strength to electrocute an elephant, and he considered it safer.
So, on January 4, 1903, at Luna Park Zoo, Coney Island, Topsy was hooked up to Edison’s lighting plant, and electrocuted with 6,600 volts of AC. But this was after they fed her carrots that had been soaked in cyanide, just to be sure. They deemed Topsy to be a permanent threat to humans, as she had killed three handlers in three incidents, one of which involved a handler, who regularly whipped her, trying to feed her a lighted cigarette just to watch her suffer. She stomped on him.
1,500 people watched, and no one said a word in complaint. Edison filmed it, and the film is available on YouTube, if you feel like being outraged. The funny thing is that the ASPCA, which is supposed to protect the rights of animals, considered hanging to be cruel, as it would cause strangulation, not a snap of the neck, and yet had no problem with cyanide poisoning and electrocution.
6Kevin Carter’s Famous Photograph
Kevin Carter was a South African Photojournalist who, in March 1993, took the most infamous photograph, so far, of the brutality and disregard for human suffering in sub-Saharan Africa. The photo shows a female Sudanese toddler, alone and severely emaciated, attempting to crawl to an aid station for food. A vulture is standing on the ground behind her, waiting for her to die so it can eat her.
Carter claimed that he waited 20 minutes for the vulture to spread its wings, which he thought would make a better picture, and when it didn’t, he took the picture as is. For those 20 minutes, the toddler had to rest before resuming its trip. She whimpered and panted, and Carter did nothing to help her.
He took the picture, scared the vulture away, then left the girl to continue crawling on her own. No one knows what became of her, but it very likely that she starved to death. This account is denied by Joao Silva, a journalist friend of Carter, who stated that the child’s parents left for only a moment to take food from a plane. Either way, Carter claimed later that he just “didn’t want to get involved.” He killed himself the next year, after winning the Pulitzer for this photograph, by carbon monoxide poisoning, in his truck in Johannesburg.
5Forced Relocation of the American Indians
This was not a single incident, but all the major crimes against the Indians were perpetrated for the same reason. European settlers and their descendants wanted more land. They thus drove the Indians westward, killing hundreds of thousands over the centuries, in order to make way for themselves. Unfortunately, no land is ever enough land. They wanted more, and the Indians continued being deprived of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
The most astonishing aspect of this crime is that many notable Americans, especially Andrew Jackson, considered it righteous, as the Indians did not have the military strength to defend themselves, and thus deserved to lose their rights. Survival of the fittest, so to speak. Jackson is the man most directly responsible for the “Trail of Tears” relocation of the Cherokee. Later, the Navajo and Sioux, to name just two large tribes, were slaughtered in outright warfare.
Very few Europeans or their descendants, from 1585 with the Lost Colony, to the turn of the 20th Century, ever raised much of a fuss, if any at all, over this disgustingly awesome mistreatment of an entire race of humans.
4Murders of Three Civil Rights Workers
If you’ve seen the film “Mississippi Burning” you’re familiar with the murders of James Chaney (black), Michael Schwerner, and Andrew Goodman (both white, Jewish). The White Knights of the KKK shot them dead and buried them in an earthen dam in 1964. The outrage in the northern half or so of the United States was immediate and fierce, as it should have been.
But there was no public outcry of any kind in the South. Very few black people, especially in Mississippi, had anything to say about the crime, as they didn’t dare incur the wrath of the white authorities. But the truly astonishing aspect is the absence of an outcry by many white people, if any, as they either agreed with the crime, or just didn’t care about the plight of blacks (and Jews, and anyone other than “WASPs”) in the South.
Racial hatred had become so rampant and impudent that the Judges who presided over the various criminals of this sort of case rarely convicted them, and then imposed the lightest sentences. The culprits of the three 1964 murders, 17 of them, were tried, and only 7 were convicted, not of murder, but of “civil rights violations,” because the prosecution didn’t believe they could be convicted, in Mississippi, of murder, which was probably true. The harshest sentences were 10 years each to two culprits. Others received 7 years, or 3 years. No one served more than 6.
3Kitty Genovese
The most infamous example of the bystander effect took place on March 13, 1964, in Kew Gardens, Queens, NY, when Catherine Genovese was entering her apartment building at about 3:15 AM, from work. She was stabbed twice in the back by Winston Moseley, a heavy machine operator, who later explained that he simply “wanted to kill a woman.”
Genovese screamed, “Oh, my God! He stabbed me! Help me!” and collapsed. Several neighbors in surrounding buildings reported hearing her voice, but decided it was probably just a drunken brawl or lovers’ spat. One man shouted from his window, “Let that girl alone!” which scared Moseley away.
This neighbor was sure to have seen Genovese crawling across the street, under a streetlight, to her apartment, but did nothing to help her. Witnesses saw Moseley drive away, then return about 10 minutes later. He had put on a wider-rimmed hate to hide his face, and searched for Genovese in the parking lot, the train station, and the apartment complex, for 10 minutes, before finding her prone in the external hallway at the rear of the building, where the door was locked. She could not get in.
Moseley proceeded to stab her to death, inflicting multiple wounds in her hands and forearms, indicating that she tried to fight him off. She finally succumbed and he raped her as she lay dying. He then stole around $50 from her and fled. The whole incident spanned 30 minutes.
A newspaper blasted it the next day as “Thirty-eight Who Saw Murder Didn’t Call Police,” but this is inaccurate. There were approximately 12 people who claimed to have seen the first attack. Many of them later stated that they “just didn’t want to get involved.” A simple phone call to the police would have sufficed, but everyone assumed someone else would do it.
2The Richmond High School Incident
The events that transpired on the night of October 27, 2009 inspired me to compile this list and I admit that it has caused me to reconsider the crime of the #1 entry.
The girl’s name has not been released to date, as she is 15 years old, but the accounts of the crime all agree, and it is beyond belief. For 2 and a half hours, while the High School Homecoming Dance was taking place inside the gymnasium, approximately 10 men gang-raped the 15-year-old student, beating her savagely the whole time, all the while 10 others stood around laughing and taking pictures with their cell phones.
The crowd eventually numbered more than 20, and no one called the police. No one went inside to tell a security guard or a policeman, several of which were on campus at the time. A little earlier, the assistant principal looked out his office window and saw 12 to 15 grown men sitting around near the scene of the crime, none of whom had identification badges, as is required, and none of whom appeared to be a teenager, and the assistant principal did not call the police, or alert any teachers or students. He returned to his job and ignored them.
The girl is still in critical condition at a hospital, having been found later by someone leaving the dance.
1The Holocaust
The most repugnant, globally violent disgrace of the reputation of humanity gave rise to the equally infamous use of the phrase “diffusion of responsibility,” as the Nazi officers tried at Nuremberg all claimed the same defense, “We were just following orders.”
They argued that if the Holocaust really was as bad as journalists were saying, then someone else must surely have known of it, and thus it was not necessarily their responsibility to report it to the authorities.
They also argued that the only authorities in Continental Europe at the time were German, and thus, they would only have killed themselves by attempting to inform the outside world, and would have accomplished nothing. This is not true. Most of the German population knew nothing of it, but had they, they could easily have banded together and demanded that the Holocaust be stopped. The Nazis would have been reluctant to exterminate their own “master race,” and by that point, the Allies would have heard news of it. So the Nazis wisely concealed the concentration and death camps from all but the small villages nearest to them.
The Holocaust achieves #1, however, because the populations of the villages near these camps, Dachau, Buchenwald, Bergen-Belsen, Sachsenhausen, Mauthausen, and Ravensbruck, to name a few, knew perfectly well of the atrocities and horror inside the camps. The camps were established near fairly large towns and cities, the inhabitants of which could not have ignored the stench coming from them. Allied soldiers all reported smelling camps before finding them, from as far as 20 miles if the wind blew right.
The Allies accused the German citizens of these towns of knowing full well what was happening to Jews and other “undesirables” and yet making no effort to save one life. These German populations were thus forced to clean up the emaciated corpses and bury them in mass graves, as punishment for their passivity.
http://listverse.com/2009/11/02/10-notorious-cases-of-the-bystander-effect/
This shows both historical and literary examples of the bystander effect, showing examples of large-scale and seemingly small-scale examples of people not helping or saying anything in situations of suffering. It even went to such a scale as to cause a genocide, which shows the power of how when nobody says anything, that effect just build upon itself.
natalie favorite
A08098936
10The Parable of The Good Samaritan
First, the prototype of the bystander effect. Jesus tells a story to a lawyer, who, in all other ways, is blameless and upright in God’s eyes. He obeys the Ten Commandments, and loves his neighbor as himself. But he asks Jesus, “Who is my neighbor?”
Jesus then explains, with the following parable, that everyone is everyone’s neighbor, and that help should be offered to anyone in need of it, regardless of who or what that person is.
A Jew is going along the road, and is beset by bandits, who beat him severely, strip his clothes, and rob him. They leave him for dead. Later, a priest walks by. He sees the Jew, moves to the other side of the road, and walks by without helping. Later, a Levite goes by, sees him, and gives him a wide berth, going on without helping.
Later, a Samaritan (considered by the Jews to be outcasts) comes by, sees him, and immediately helps him, taking him to a nearby inn, caring for him, and paying the innkeeper.
“Which of these is the neighbor of the Jew who is beaten by robbers?” Jesus asked.
“The merciful one,” replied the lawyer.
“Go and do likewise.”
In the following nine examples, no one goes and does likewise.
9Shanda Sharer
From the 10th to the 11th of Janury, 1992, 12-year-old Shanda Sharer was abducted and tortured by four teenage girls, Laurie Tackett, Melinda Loveless (a propo), Hope Rippey, and Toni Lawrence. Tackett was more or less the leader of the four, and interested the others in the Goth lifestyle, punk rock, vampirism, witchcraft, Satanism, lesbianism, and such, and devised the plan for abducting Sharer and stabbing her to death, out of revenge for stealing Loveless’s girlfriend.
They abducted Sharer from her house just after midnight, pretending to take her to see their mutual friend, Amanda Heavrin, the girlfriend Lovelessbelieved Sharer to have stolen. As soon as she was in the car, Loveless put a knife to her throat and interrogated her about Heavrin, until they arrived at “the Witch’s Castle,” a local run-down house where teenagers liked to hang out.
They took her inside, tied her up and discuss how they would kill her, at which point Sharer started crying. They claim to have been frightened by passing headlights, so they took her to a nearby landfill in thick woods, where Loveless beat her savagely with her fists. Lawrence and Rippey claim to have wanted out of the situation by this point, but did not dare try to run and call the police.
Loveless then tried to cut Sharer’s throat but the knife was too dull. Rippey then got out, had Loveless and Tackett hold her down, and strangled her with a rope. They thought she was dead and threw in the trunk, then went to Tackett’s home to wash up. They heard Sharer screaming, and Tackett went out with a kitchen knife and returned covered in blood. The screaming had stopped.
She then took out her runes, part of the Wicca lifestyle, and told the girls’ futures. They then Tackett and Loveless went joyriding from 2:30 AM, while Lawrence and Rippey stayed at her home. Sharer began struggling to get out of the trunk, so Tackett stopped, and beat her unconscious with a tire iron.
They returned a little before dawn, washed up again, and Tackett laughed as she told what she had done. They left and went to a neighborhood burning area, where leaves and limbs, etc., are disposed of, and showed Sharer, nearly dead in the trunk to the others. Lawrence claimed to have been so disgusted that she turned away. She still refused to rat out her friends. Tackett sprayed Sharer with Windex, probably to exacerbate her wounds, and taunted her, “You’re not looking so hot, now, are you?”
They then filled a 2-liter Pepsi bottle with gasoline at a nearby station, drove to a secluded field, laid Sharer, alive, in a blanket in the grass, doused and set her afire. Loveless returned a moment later and poured the rest of the gasoline on her, to be sure.
Lawrence was scared to death by this point, and finally called a friend of the same age, and told her what had happened. She refused to call the police, now out of fear as an accomplice. Loveless strangled became hysterical, sorry about what she had done, and called Amanda Heavrin to tell her. Heavrin did not believe them, until she and another friend saw the trunk of Tackett’s car with blood and Sharer’s socks.
None of them called the police. Sharer’s body as discovered by two hunters earlier that morning, the 11th, and reported. By 8:00 PM that night, the whole community knew, and Loveless finally confessed in a fit of hysteria to the police. Tackett, Loveless, and Rippey were sentenced to 60 years in prison, Lawrence 20 years. Lawrence was released on good behavior in 2000, Rippey in 2006.
8Ilan Halimi
Ilan Halimi was a French Jew who was kidnapped in Paris by Moroccan “barbarians,” as they like to be called, on Janury 21, 2006, and tortured for 24 days, finally dying on February 13. During this time, his kidnappers, at least 20 of them, beat him all over his body, especially his testicles, completely wrapped his head in duct tape, except for his mouth, so he could breathe and eat, stabbed him, burned his body and face with lighters and cigarettes, and broke his fingers in order to extract a ransom of 450,000 Euros from his family. They stripped him, they scratched him, they cut him with knives, and finally poured gasoline on him and set him afire.
During these three weeks, neighbors in the apartment block where his kidnappers had taken him (and where they lived) heard the commotion and came to watch. No one ever called the police. 27 people have so far been charged with joining in. 19 people have been convicted and given long prison sentences. One of the torturer’s fathers knew what was happening and did nothing to stop them. This man, Alcino Ribeiro, was sentenced to 8 months, but this sentence was suspended. He has served no time.
Those neighbors known only to have watched were not convicted, most not even indicted. Halimi was found handcuffed and bound with nylon rope, naked, to a tree about 40 yards inside a woodlot from a railway outside Paris, on February 13. More than 80% of his body had been burned with acid, as well as gasoline, to the point that he was difficult to recognize. He had severe contusions, blood blisters, and hematomas covering most of his body, to the point that he was more blue than flesh-colored, multiple broken bones, one ear and one big toe missing, and his testicles looked like “blackened oranges.”
Halimi died en route to a hospital.
7Edison Electrocutes an Elephant
Not just Topsy the Elephant, but a rather long series of animals, all of which had shown themselves to be a danger to humans. This included horses, lions, tigers, and bears. Edison was happy to oblige the state of NY in executing these “menaces to society,” by employing alternating current, but his ulterior motive was merely to show the world the danger of alternating current, invented by Nikola Tesla, his arch-rival. Edison’s direct current didn’t have the strength to electrocute an elephant, and he considered it safer.
So, on January 4, 1903, at Luna Park Zoo, Coney Island, Topsy was hooked up to Edison’s lighting plant, and electrocuted with 6,600 volts of AC. But this was after they fed her carrots that had been soaked in cyanide, just to be sure. They deemed Topsy to be a permanent threat to humans, as she had killed three handlers in three incidents, one of which involved a handler, who regularly whipped her, trying to feed her a lighted cigarette just to watch her suffer. She stomped on him.
1,500 people watched, and no one said a word in complaint. Edison filmed it, and the film is available on YouTube, if you feel like being outraged. The funny thing is that the ASPCA, which is supposed to protect the rights of animals, considered hanging to be cruel, as it would cause strangulation, not a snap of the neck, and yet had no problem with cyanide poisoning and electrocution.
6Kevin Carter’s Famous Photograph
Kevin Carter was a South African Photojournalist who, in March 1993, took the most infamous photograph, so far, of the brutality and disregard for human suffering in sub-Saharan Africa. The photo shows a female Sudanese toddler, alone and severely emaciated, attempting to crawl to an aid station for food. A vulture is standing on the ground behind her, waiting for her to die so it can eat her.
Carter claimed that he waited 20 minutes for the vulture to spread its wings, which he thought would make a better picture, and when it didn’t, he took the picture as is. For those 20 minutes, the toddler had to rest before resuming its trip. She whimpered and panted, and Carter did nothing to help her.
He took the picture, scared the vulture away, then left the girl to continue crawling on her own. No one knows what became of her, but it very likely that she starved to death. This account is denied by Joao Silva, a journalist friend of Carter, who stated that the child’s parents left for only a moment to take food from a plane. Either way, Carter claimed later that he just “didn’t want to get involved.” He killed himself the next year, after winning the Pulitzer for this photograph, by carbon monoxide poisoning, in his truck in Johannesburg.
5Forced Relocation of the American Indians
This was not a single incident, but all the major crimes against the Indians were perpetrated for the same reason. European settlers and their descendants wanted more land. They thus drove the Indians westward, killing hundreds of thousands over the centuries, in order to make way for themselves. Unfortunately, no land is ever enough land. They wanted more, and the Indians continued being deprived of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
The most astonishing aspect of this crime is that many notable Americans, especially Andrew Jackson, considered it righteous, as the Indians did not have the military strength to defend themselves, and thus deserved to lose their rights. Survival of the fittest, so to speak. Jackson is the man most directly responsible for the “Trail of Tears” relocation of the Cherokee. Later, the Navajo and Sioux, to name just two large tribes, were slaughtered in outright warfare.
Very few Europeans or their descendants, from 1585 with the Lost Colony, to the turn of the 20th Century, ever raised much of a fuss, if any at all, over this disgustingly awesome mistreatment of an entire race of humans.
4Murders of Three Civil Rights Workers
If you’ve seen the film “Mississippi Burning” you’re familiar with the murders of James Chaney (black), Michael Schwerner, and Andrew Goodman (both white, Jewish). The White Knights of the KKK shot them dead and buried them in an earthen dam in 1964. The outrage in the northern half or so of the United States was immediate and fierce, as it should have been.
But there was no public outcry of any kind in the South. Very few black people, especially in Mississippi, had anything to say about the crime, as they didn’t dare incur the wrath of the white authorities. But the truly astonishing aspect is the absence of an outcry by many white people, if any, as they either agreed with the crime, or just didn’t care about the plight of blacks (and Jews, and anyone other than “WASPs”) in the South.
Racial hatred had become so rampant and impudent that the Judges who presided over the various criminals of this sort of case rarely convicted them, and then imposed the lightest sentences. The culprits of the three 1964 murders, 17 of them, were tried, and only 7 were convicted, not of murder, but of “civil rights violations,” because the prosecution didn’t believe they could be convicted, in Mississippi, of murder, which was probably true. The harshest sentences were 10 years each to two culprits. Others received 7 years, or 3 years. No one served more than 6.
3Kitty Genovese
The most infamous example of the bystander effect took place on March 13, 1964, in Kew Gardens, Queens, NY, when Catherine Genovese was entering her apartment building at about 3:15 AM, from work. She was stabbed twice in the back by Winston Moseley, a heavy machine operator, who later explained that he simply “wanted to kill a woman.”
Genovese screamed, “Oh, my God! He stabbed me! Help me!” and collapsed. Several neighbors in surrounding buildings reported hearing her voice, but decided it was probably just a drunken brawl or lovers’ spat. One man shouted from his window, “Let that girl alone!” which scared Moseley away.
This neighbor was sure to have seen Genovese crawling across the street, under a streetlight, to her apartment, but did nothing to help her. Witnesses saw Moseley drive away, then return about 10 minutes later. He had put on a wider-rimmed hate to hide his face, and searched for Genovese in the parking lot, the train station, and the apartment complex, for 10 minutes, before finding her prone in the external hallway at the rear of the building, where the door was locked. She could not get in.
Moseley proceeded to stab her to death, inflicting multiple wounds in her hands and forearms, indicating that she tried to fight him off. She finally succumbed and he raped her as she lay dying. He then stole around $50 from her and fled. The whole incident spanned 30 minutes.
A newspaper blasted it the next day as “Thirty-eight Who Saw Murder Didn’t Call Police,” but this is inaccurate. There were approximately 12 people who claimed to have seen the first attack. Many of them later stated that they “just didn’t want to get involved.” A simple phone call to the police would have sufficed, but everyone assumed someone else would do it.
2The Richmond High School Incident
The events that transpired on the night of October 27, 2009 inspired me to compile this list and I admit that it has caused me to reconsider the crime of the #1 entry.
The girl’s name has not been released to date, as she is 15 years old, but the accounts of the crime all agree, and it is beyond belief. For 2 and a half hours, while the High School Homecoming Dance was taking place inside the gymnasium, approximately 10 men gang-raped the 15-year-old student, beating her savagely the whole time, all the while 10 others stood around laughing and taking pictures with their cell phones.
The crowd eventually numbered more than 20, and no one called the police. No one went inside to tell a security guard or a policeman, several of which were on campus at the time. A little earlier, the assistant principal looked out his office window and saw 12 to 15 grown men sitting around near the scene of the crime, none of whom had identification badges, as is required, and none of whom appeared to be a teenager, and the assistant principal did not call the police, or alert any teachers or students. He returned to his job and ignored them.
The girl is still in critical condition at a hospital, having been found later by someone leaving the dance.
1The Holocaust
The most repugnant, globally violent disgrace of the reputation of humanity gave rise to the equally infamous use of the phrase “diffusion of responsibility,” as the Nazi officers tried at Nuremberg all claimed the same defense, “We were just following orders.”
They argued that if the Holocaust really was as bad as journalists were saying, then someone else must surely have known of it, and thus it was not necessarily their responsibility to report it to the authorities.
They also argued that the only authorities in Continental Europe at the time were German, and thus, they would only have killed themselves by attempting to inform the outside world, and would have accomplished nothing. This is not true. Most of the German population knew nothing of it, but had they, they could easily have banded together and demanded that the Holocaust be stopped. The Nazis would have been reluctant to exterminate their own “master race,” and by that point, the Allies would have heard news of it. So the Nazis wisely concealed the concentration and death camps from all but the small villages nearest to them.
The Holocaust achieves #1, however, because the populations of the villages near these camps, Dachau, Buchenwald, Bergen-Belsen, Sachsenhausen, Mauthausen, and Ravensbruck, to name a few, knew perfectly well of the atrocities and horror inside the camps. The camps were established near fairly large towns and cities, the inhabitants of which could not have ignored the stench coming from them. Allied soldiers all reported smelling camps before finding them, from as far as 20 miles if the wind blew right.
The Allies accused the German citizens of these towns of knowing full well what was happening to Jews and other “undesirables” and yet making no effort to save one life. These German populations were thus forced to clean up the emaciated corpses and bury them in mass graves, as punishment for their passivity.
http://listverse.com/2009/11/02/10-notorious-cases-of-the-bystander-effect/
This shows both historical and literary examples of the bystander effect, showing examples of large-scale and seemingly small-scale examples of people not helping or saying anything in situations of suffering. It even went to such a scale as to cause a genocide, which shows the power of how when nobody says anything, that effect just build upon itself.
natalie favorite
A08098936
Tuesday, June 8, 2010
Extrinsic motivation
http://www.hulu.com/watch/2004/arrested-development-disaster-play#s-p2-sa-i1
This clip is an example of extrinsic motivation. That is. the desire to engage in an activity because of external rewards or pressures, not because we enjoy the task or find it interesting.
Both Maeby and George Michael are extrinsically motivated to participate in the school play. For George Michael it is the reward of spending time with the cousin he has a crush on, and for Maeby it is to kiss the boy she has a crush on. Neither show any real interest in theater.
#A07379753
This clip is an example of extrinsic motivation. That is. the desire to engage in an activity because of external rewards or pressures, not because we enjoy the task or find it interesting.
Both Maeby and George Michael are extrinsically motivated to participate in the school play. For George Michael it is the reward of spending time with the cousin he has a crush on, and for Maeby it is to kiss the boy she has a crush on. Neither show any real interest in theater.
#A07379753
Appraisal theory of emotion
http://www.hulu.com/watch/1296/arrested-development-fire-sale#s-p1-sa-i1
This clip touches on the appraisal theory of emotion. It states that "emotions may result from people's interpretations and explanations of events, even in the absence of physiological arousal.
In this clip, Tobias has prepared himself for an audition based on his own interpretations and explanations of what is expected from how. This demonstrates how your own interpretations and explanations are not always reliable.
#A07379753
This clip touches on the appraisal theory of emotion. It states that "emotions may result from people's interpretations and explanations of events, even in the absence of physiological arousal.
In this clip, Tobias has prepared himself for an audition based on his own interpretations and explanations of what is expected from how. This demonstrates how your own interpretations and explanations are not always reliable.
#A07379753
Prosocial behavior: Norm reciprocity
http://www.hulu.com/watch/1149/arrested-development-throw-mom-a-party#s-p49-sr-i1
This clip is an example of norm reciprocity. Norm reciprocity is the expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help you out in the future.
Lindsay agrees to go visit their father in prison if Michael will drive their mother to the surprise party.
#A07379753
This clip is an example of norm reciprocity. Norm reciprocity is the expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help you out in the future.
Lindsay agrees to go visit their father in prison if Michael will drive their mother to the surprise party.
#A07379753
Stereotypes
Stewie accuses the Maid of stealing her 1000 dollars. This is has two stereotypes. One that she is Hispanic and the other that she is a maid. Very typical of family guy to target such a ridiculous stereotype.
http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5918660763653323314
Sanam Nazer
A07964989
http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5918660763653323314
Sanam Nazer
A07964989
Monday, June 7, 2010
Bystander Effect
http://listverse.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/topsy2.jpg
Not just Topsy the Elephant, but a rather long series of animals, all of which had shown themselves to be a danger to humans. This included horses, lions, tigers, and bears. Edison was happy to oblige the state of NY in executing these “menaces to society,” by employing alternating current, but his ulterior motive was merely to show the world the danger of alternating current, invented by Nikola Tesla, his arch-rival. Edison’s direct current didn’t have the strength to electrocute an elephant, and he considered it safer.
So, on January 4, 1903, at Luna Park Zoo, Coney Island, Topsy was hooked up to Edison’s lighting plant, and electrocuted with 6,600 volts of AC. But this was after they fed her carrots that had been soaked in cyanide, just to be sure. They deemed Topsy to be a permanent threat to humans, as she had killed three handlers in three incidents, one of which involved a handler, who regularly whipped her, trying to feed her a lighted cigarette just to watch her suffer. She stomped on him.
1,500 people watched. (ListVerse, Ultimate Top ten List)
This can be considered the Bystander Effect
Sanam Nazer
A07964989
Not just Topsy the Elephant, but a rather long series of animals, all of which had shown themselves to be a danger to humans. This included horses, lions, tigers, and bears. Edison was happy to oblige the state of NY in executing these “menaces to society,” by employing alternating current, but his ulterior motive was merely to show the world the danger of alternating current, invented by Nikola Tesla, his arch-rival. Edison’s direct current didn’t have the strength to electrocute an elephant, and he considered it safer.
So, on January 4, 1903, at Luna Park Zoo, Coney Island, Topsy was hooked up to Edison’s lighting plant, and electrocuted with 6,600 volts of AC. But this was after they fed her carrots that had been soaked in cyanide, just to be sure. They deemed Topsy to be a permanent threat to humans, as she had killed three handlers in three incidents, one of which involved a handler, who regularly whipped her, trying to feed her a lighted cigarette just to watch her suffer. She stomped on him.
1,500 people watched. (ListVerse, Ultimate Top ten List)
This can be considered the Bystander Effect
Sanam Nazer
A07964989
Outgroup Homogeneity Effect
In the movie Pretty in Pink, there are dominant groups within the school, the popular, rich kids and the poor, eccentric kids from the other side of the tracks. The story is told from the side of the poor kids, well by one girl inparticular. She projected the outgroup homogeneity effect onto the popular crowd in assuming that they were all the same – dense and snobby. But then she met a guy from the outgroup and realized that maybe they weren’t all the same after all…
http://www.bing.com/videos/watch/video/pretty-in-pink-1986/02d1aa9ebdf15e9e2f9d02d1aa9ebdf15e9e2f9d-55878026471
A07761962
http://www.bing.com/videos/watch/video/pretty-in-pink-1986/02d1aa9ebdf15e9e2f9d02d1aa9ebdf15e9e2f9d-55878026471
A07761962
Conformity
http://pix.motivatedphotos.com/2008/7/18/633519388634853549-Conformity---When-people-are-free-to-do-as-they-please-they-usually-imitate-each-other.jpg
SOcial NAture of Attributions
Conformity:
• Take on attitudes of others, because people think acceptable.
This picture shows how two girls are clearly on the same page about what look they were going for at the beach.
Sanam Nazer
A07964989
SOcial NAture of Attributions
Conformity:
• Take on attitudes of others, because people think acceptable.
This picture shows how two girls are clearly on the same page about what look they were going for at the beach.
Sanam Nazer
A07964989
Why do we eat more in groups?
In another class, I read that people (& lab rats) eat 60% more when eating with others as opposed to eating alone (Redd and de Castro, 1992). The book suggested that feelings of satiety change with the number of people around us. I am unsure about the physiological explanation behind this -- how could the simple presence of more people drive us to consume larger amounts? I could see the evolutionary reasoning for rats (their ancestors might have needed to fight for food), but I'm not quite sure about humans. Thoughts?
I also saw the following video online, mentioning this phenomenon. They attributed this as a social norm -- that people simply eat as a social event.
--
Kelly C.
A08475603
I also saw the following video online, mentioning this phenomenon. They attributed this as a social norm -- that people simply eat as a social event.
--
Kelly C.
A08475603
Gender norms with Hello Kitty
This article describes a punishment tactic used by the Thai government officials. If policemen committed a misdemeanor, they had to wear a pink Hello Kitty armband over their bicep. This method attempted to make the policemen feel emasculated. I thought it was interesting how the government officials believed that a public display of "emasculation" would prevent future crimes. This speaks about gender in society, and how the reversal of gender norms makes people feel extremely uncomfortable.
Here is a picture of said armband:
Source: The New York Times
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Kelly C.
A08475603
Here is a picture of said armband:
Source: The New York Times
--
Kelly C.
A08475603
Stereotypes - South Park
Episode : Museum of Tolerance
This is a short clip from South Park about discrimination and common stereotypes.
A08398347
Food Court Musical
This video shows a sense of conformity, why people. You can observe how the in group out group effect when the hot dog on a stick "employee" started singing. Peoples were giving her looks, because she was behaving out of the norms.
ChengHsun Chuang
Gender Stereotype
Gender stereotype is shown within these Disney film samples. There are clips of how a male's image is to be masculine is a barrel chest, and strong arms. Other types are not as attractive and acceptable. Another sample, is the film Mulan, where the females are thin, have glistening eyes, cook, and take care of the men and adore their "battle scares". There is also a scene of where aggression and dominance are a males characteristics.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CWMCt35oFY&feature=related
A08087372
Racism through Avenue Q
The song, though still fun and entertaining, does state a fact. It states that everyone's a little bit racist because a lot of stuff is based on fact.
Everyone's a Little Bit Racist - Avenue Q
Lyrics:
Everyone's a little bit sometimes
Does't mean we go around commiting hate crimes
Look around and you will find
No one is really color blind
Maybe it's a fact we all should face
Everyone makes judgments based on race
This shows that everyone makes judgements based on race not because they are trying to be offensive, but instead so they can learn quicker and categorize better so they know better how to react to the environment. The whole song doesn't say that, but it does state the fact that everyone is a little bit racist, and psychology explains why.
#A94052138
Everyone's a Little Bit Racist - Avenue Q
Lyrics:
Everyone's a little bit sometimes
Does't mean we go around commiting hate crimes
Look around and you will find
No one is really color blind
Maybe it's a fact we all should face
Everyone makes judgments based on race
This shows that everyone makes judgements based on race not because they are trying to be offensive, but instead so they can learn quicker and categorize better so they know better how to react to the environment. The whole song doesn't say that, but it does state the fact that everyone is a little bit racist, and psychology explains why.
#A94052138
McDonald's stereotype Chinese
http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid452319854?bctid=1632571293
The commercial was created by McDonald's for promoting "Asian-ness" for the 2008 Beijing Olympics. However, it creates heavy stereotype to Chinese people. First of all, no one eats chicken nuggets with chopsticks...no matter if you are a Chinese in America or a Chinese in China. Second of all, just because someone is Chinese does not mean he or she knows martial arts. No one fights over the last piece of chicken nuggets like this anywhere...
Lastly, being Chinese myself, I'd just like to add that we were not born with the ability to fly (as oppose to what many people would like to think). :)
This commercial is probably as stereotype to Chinese people as one can get.
Timothy Tsui
The commercial was created by McDonald's for promoting "Asian-ness" for the 2008 Beijing Olympics. However, it creates heavy stereotype to Chinese people. First of all, no one eats chicken nuggets with chopsticks...no matter if you are a Chinese in America or a Chinese in China. Second of all, just because someone is Chinese does not mean he or she knows martial arts. No one fights over the last piece of chicken nuggets like this anywhere...
Lastly, being Chinese myself, I'd just like to add that we were not born with the ability to fly (as oppose to what many people would like to think). :)
This commercial is probably as stereotype to Chinese people as one can get.
Timothy Tsui
Gender roles & maybe a note on altruism
In this clip from Arrested Development, Lindsay is portrayed as a woman who stays at home and lounges around the house. She holds that a hair appointment is an emergency, and fits the stereotype of women being reckless drivers. In addition, her idea of being charitable is posing for a Ladies of Literacy calendar and attending a dinner.
--
Kelly C.
A08475603
--
Kelly C.
A08475603
Altruism in animals
This is a form of altruism in animal where a buffalo calf is being attacked by lions, but survives because the other buffalos attack the lions and get it back.
Andrew Meraz- A07961934
"Super Cracker"
This video shows Ron discussing his plan to open an all you can eat soup buffet called "Soup n' Cracker" in South Central. Then it proceed with various stereotype regarding on what type of people drink soup and how cracker can be a racial term.
ChengHsun Chuang
Gender role reversal
In this underwear ad we see a woman hanging out in her apartment but she is behaving the way men stereotypically behave. We see gender stereotypes quite pronounced here, mainly that men are messy, lazy, and even disgusting in many ways. Of course this intersect with two different topics we discussed in class both gender identity and stereotyping. This ad plays on our implicit cultural understanding of both to make a comical point. - Nafees Hamid A07974157
Bystander Effect
Here is video that got a lot of a attention in the media a few years ago. A 78 year old man was hit by car in the middle of the road in broad day light. He laid on the floor while many passerby's just stared and did not help. No one even called the police (luckily a cruiser happened to come by on it's own). The reason no one helped may be the result of the bystander effect where people are less likely to help if there are others present because they assume someone else will help. - Nafees Hamid A07974157
Stereotypes
This shows stereotype all throughout video, but mainly after 6:55 where it shows Ethnic Stereotypes. Andrew Meraz- A07961934
Evolutionary basis for alturism
In this four part documentary we are taken on a journey throughout the animal kingdom where example after example of love, cooperation and altruism are shown. That fact that we see altruism amongst various animals gives great support to evolutionary accounts of altruism. Kin selection seems to be the strongest argument for why altruism was such a successful strategy for passing on ones genes. Do you think the evidence in this documentary can lend support to other accounts? - Nafees Hamid A07974157
Gender Stereotyping and Altruism
Gender Stereotyping:
I don't think i've seen it on here yet but it obviously needed to be included:
*Plays up the what-women-want stereotype and what they look for in the "ideal man". Material things (resources) and a guy with a hot bod (good genes)
Altruism:
Also, another pretty cool example of altruism in animals (I really can't think of any immediate/obvious awards this dog wanted by doing this) -quite altruistic:
Socially yours,
A09077735
☺
I don't think i've seen it on here yet but it obviously needed to be included:
*Plays up the what-women-want stereotype and what they look for in the "ideal man". Material things (resources) and a guy with a hot bod (good genes)
Altruism:
Also, another pretty cool example of altruism in animals (I really can't think of any immediate/obvious awards this dog wanted by doing this) -quite altruistic:
Socially yours,
A09077735
☺
Stereotypes
here Ross believes that he would fall into the stereotype of being a bad husband and that no one will ever want to be with him because of his 3 DIVORCES !!!!
LOL!!
Enjoy!
A07765603
Angelica Quezada
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJs-FmJo0T8
LOL!!
Enjoy!
A07765603
Angelica Quezada
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJs-FmJo0T8
Aggression or Not?
During the Lecture of aggression I remembered this cilp, where Ross from Friends gets mad because of this stolen sandwich, can this be aggression? what qualifies as aggression?
Enjoy !!!
A07765603 Angelica Quezada
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOg641CGkyY
Enjoy !!!
A07765603 Angelica Quezada
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOg641CGkyY
emotions and gender differences
At first I was going to place this clip of friends where Chandler cant show his emotions under the lecture for emotions but then I realized it can also work as gender differences because Chander has such a hard time to show his emotions ....
enjoy A07765603 Angelica Quezada
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8JEvsny7iE
enjoy A07765603 Angelica Quezada
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8JEvsny7iE
Attraction & Health
Why Women Don't Want Macho Men
This article discusses the how role of health environment affects a woman's choice of men. In countries with poor health, women preferred more masculine men. Countries with good health preferred men that were of weak masculinity. This is because men that are more masculine are associated with more testosterone. In evolutionary terms this means the man is healthy and will pass on good genes. In a country that has poor health, this is important for a woman if she wants her offspring to survive. In a country of good health, good genes from the male is not as important since there is good environment and medical attention if necessary. This being said, women in countries with greater health place more emphasis on the affect that they believe testosterone has on males, which is that they are more likely to cheat, uncooperative, aggressive, bad parenting, and unsympathetic. This is why they prefer a partner that has less masculinity.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704100604575145810050665030.html?mod=djemLifeStyle_h
A06715986
This article discusses the how role of health environment affects a woman's choice of men. In countries with poor health, women preferred more masculine men. Countries with good health preferred men that were of weak masculinity. This is because men that are more masculine are associated with more testosterone. In evolutionary terms this means the man is healthy and will pass on good genes. In a country that has poor health, this is important for a woman if she wants her offspring to survive. In a country of good health, good genes from the male is not as important since there is good environment and medical attention if necessary. This being said, women in countries with greater health place more emphasis on the affect that they believe testosterone has on males, which is that they are more likely to cheat, uncooperative, aggressive, bad parenting, and unsympathetic. This is why they prefer a partner that has less masculinity.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704100604575145810050665030.html?mod=djemLifeStyle_h
A06715986
Gender Roles, For Practice. :)
Really funny example of relationships between men and women!
Thought it twisted the idea of Gender Roles in a funny way, enjoy it! :)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7yaX9-GNe
<3
Melissa Suding
A08390981
Thought it twisted the idea of Gender Roles in a funny way, enjoy it! :)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7yaX9-GNe
<3
Melissa Suding
A08390981
Gender Identity Disorder and the Law
Case backs need for sex-change surgery.
Gender Identity Disorder is when your gender doesn't match up with the gender that you identify with. In this case a man decided to undergo sex-change surgery to become a woman. She then filed her $25,000 surgery with the IRS for a $5,000 deduction because she felt that it was a medical necessity for her medical condition. The IRS refused to pay since they deemed it a cosmetic surgery instead of a medical necessity. The IRS lost in court as the court ruled the surgery a medical necessity.
http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2010/02/03/case_backs_need_for_sex_change_surgery/
A06715986
Gender Identity Disorder is when your gender doesn't match up with the gender that you identify with. In this case a man decided to undergo sex-change surgery to become a woman. She then filed her $25,000 surgery with the IRS for a $5,000 deduction because she felt that it was a medical necessity for her medical condition. The IRS refused to pay since they deemed it a cosmetic surgery instead of a medical necessity. The IRS lost in court as the court ruled the surgery a medical necessity.
http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2010/02/03/case_backs_need_for_sex_change_surgery/
A06715986
Shaping The Eye of The Beholder. (Attraction)
Really great example of the way attraction has come to be sculpted for Americans.
Sad, but very beautiful impact it can make to understand just how deceived you have been. Just Watch!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYhCn0jf46U
Do not be swayed, because as the saying goes,
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. <3
Melissa Suding
A08390981
Sad, but very beautiful impact it can make to understand just how deceived you have been. Just Watch!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYhCn0jf46U
Do not be swayed, because as the saying goes,
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. <3
Melissa Suding
A08390981
James Lange theory of emotion
The James Lange theory of emotion is that Event ==> arousal ==> interpretation ==> emotion. Thus, if a very thirsty alcoholic sees a cocktail, her muscles will tense, her heartbeat will increase, and she will feel anxious.
Nadia Razani
A08515939
Nadia Razani
A08515939
Genetic Identity Disorder and Reversal of Gender Roles
Gender identity disorder is when people believe they are victims of a biologic accident and are cruelly imprisoned in a body incompatible with their subjective gender identity. this disorder is psychological because the physical body of the person does not match the body image they identify with.
Thomas the sensational pregnant man suffers from Genetic Identity Disorder. All though he was born a female he underwent various cosmetic and hormonal procedures to look and feel like a man. When he married a female Nancy who could not bear children due to a previous hysterectomy. SO,Thomas decided to lay off Testosterone for 2 years to carry their child. The sperm was donated and he was fertilized via artificial insemination. this video describes this procedure he went through to become male and then utilize his female organs to have a baby.
This case is very distinct and controversial because even though his role in the marriage is that of the male, he used his biologically female reproductive organs to conceive a child (which is the role of the female).
A07822988
Thomas the sensational pregnant man suffers from Genetic Identity Disorder. All though he was born a female he underwent various cosmetic and hormonal procedures to look and feel like a man. When he married a female Nancy who could not bear children due to a previous hysterectomy. SO,Thomas decided to lay off Testosterone for 2 years to carry their child. The sperm was donated and he was fertilized via artificial insemination. this video describes this procedure he went through to become male and then utilize his female organs to have a baby.
This case is very distinct and controversial because even though his role in the marriage is that of the male, he used his biologically female reproductive organs to conceive a child (which is the role of the female).
A07822988
Bystander Effect Still America’s Downfall
This is an example of the Bystander Effect in action as a 15 year old girl gets ganged raped outside her high school homecoming dance as many people simply stood by and didn't do anything. Some were afraid of gang retaliation and others simply were victims of the bystander effect. A simple phone call to 911 could have saved her but there were so many people that one thought the other would call so they didn't feel the need to call the police.
http://hartfordinformer.com/2010/04/opinions/bystander-effect-still-america%E2%80%99s-downfall/
A06715986
http://hartfordinformer.com/2010/04/opinions/bystander-effect-still-america%E2%80%99s-downfall/
A06715986
Discrimination and Prejudice
A year ago i did a presentation on the cognitive roots of prejudice and discrimination @ San Diego City College here is a link to my PowerPoint presentation, enjoy!
https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B7PVH4e5--bJMmMwMmIyMDUtNWRhZC00NWUwLTliNmYtMTBhMTQ0NWY2MjI3&sort=name&layout=list&num=50
Esmeralda Alvarez
A07477507
https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B7PVH4e5--bJMmMwMmIyMDUtNWRhZC00NWUwLTliNmYtMTBhMTQ0NWY2MjI3&sort=name&layout=list&num=50
Esmeralda Alvarez
A07477507
Gender Differences: Tend and Befriend vs. Fight or flight
Tend and befriend behavior is characteristic mostly of women, who when faced with a stressful situation, tend to "befriend" their social group. This theory is biologically hypothesized due be a result of natural selection, thus claiming that female camaraderie and companionship during times of stress must have been favorable for her "fitness and reproduction". While natural selection favored women who seeked familiar people during stress, males have been characterisezed by a different behavior, fight of flight. The biological explanation for aggressive (fight) or flighty tendencies assumes that this behavior would aid in male fitness and reproduction. A study showed that women, after a long day at work, come home to be more nurturing to their offspring, whereas men withdraw from family life. This problem was most significant before the 1920 prohibition of alcohol. The Jungle, by Upton Sinclair, details the stressful climate of the meat packing district in working class America, and how men would seek refuge from the arduous tasks of work in bars and strip clubs instead of going home to their wife and kids.
Nadia Razani
A08515939
Nadia Razani
A08515939
Discrimination
In this clip from the Office Michael Scott, starts to choose his team for a game of basketball. His first pick is Stanley, the only African-American working in the office. Michel clearly has a stereotype of African-Americans being good basketball players, by committing the overt behavior of choosing Stanley, Michael is demonstrating discrimination. Which by definition is the overt behavior that follows a prejudicial attitude.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yn6MM6nohAI&feature=related
Esmeralda Alvarez
A07477507
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yn6MM6nohAI&feature=related
Esmeralda Alvarez
A07477507
Gender Stereotypes
In the following commercial Kelly Ripa is a "Super Woman" by juggling multiple household duties with her trusty Electrolux appliances. Notice how the theme to bewitched is playing in the background, which was show in the 1960's about a witch living the life of a "typical" suburban housewife. The commercial clearly demonstrates the stereotypical female gender role of the multitasking mother doing the cooking, cleaning, and all while being an attentive hostess.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDBMHz1Dthw
Esmeralda Alvarez
A07477507
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDBMHz1Dthw
Esmeralda Alvarez
A07477507
homosexuality in advertisements
Perhaps this is another tactic to play off of our emotions to sell a product, but this French commercial is breaking down barriers for the LGBT community. All in all, this adds another view to homosexuality (a typical teenage boy), than just a stereotyped one.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwA9y3y4qZo&feature=related
PID: A07818000
Gender Identity Disorder
A person suffering from Gender Identity Disorder identifies with one gender, however has the physical characteristics of the opposite gender. The degree to which these consequences have psychologically deleterious effects are influenced by his or her social environment. Often times, children are confused and disgusted by their own genitals. Depression and anxiety is common with this disorder. As adults, these people are forced to embrace their physical attributes or their psychological ones. Amanda Lepore, a nightlife hostess, model, and entertaining also once suffering from this disorder. Once born as a boy, Armand Lepore, Amanda went through three breast augmentations, two eye slant procedues, her forehead lifted, her hairline pulled, and her brow bone reduced. She also had her forhead, buttocks, and hips enlargened with silicone intejections. She had her lips enlarged and her lower rib broken and pushed in. Now she looks how she feels!
conformity
CONFORMITY
Here's is a funny example of conformity. Although the chicken are protesting against conformity, they ironically conform to one another. This shows how conformity is sometimes inevitable.
GENDER STEREOTYPES
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8z6ks8Z0X20&feature=related
This is bunch of examples of gender stereotyping of women in numerous commercials. Most of the commercials show women either cooking or cleaning as housewives. The role of the women seem very limited to such work. Even for little girls, they pave their way for a life as housewives (including the Rose Petal Cottage!) Also, they included a clip of an experiment in which several children were asked which doll (either a female or male) cleans the house, cooks, or goes to work. Their answers probably wouldn't surprise you...gender stereotypes have affected all of us!
PERSONAL SPACE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9T1283sV8Ew&feature=related
This is a video project some people did invading personal space. They have the guts to go and burst personal bubbles of strangers in random places in order to get their reactions. Most people don't say anything but just move away at first, unless they do something totally out of line (like sit on them!).
-A08178227
Here's is a funny example of conformity. Although the chicken are protesting against conformity, they ironically conform to one another. This shows how conformity is sometimes inevitable.
GENDER STEREOTYPES
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8z6ks8Z0X20&feature=related
This is bunch of examples of gender stereotyping of women in numerous commercials. Most of the commercials show women either cooking or cleaning as housewives. The role of the women seem very limited to such work. Even for little girls, they pave their way for a life as housewives (including the Rose Petal Cottage!) Also, they included a clip of an experiment in which several children were asked which doll (either a female or male) cleans the house, cooks, or goes to work. Their answers probably wouldn't surprise you...gender stereotypes have affected all of us!
PERSONAL SPACE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9T1283sV8Ew&feature=related
This is a video project some people did invading personal space. They have the guts to go and burst personal bubbles of strangers in random places in order to get their reactions. Most people don't say anything but just move away at first, unless they do something totally out of line (like sit on them!).
-A08178227
Stereotypes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDWGk8-Twd8
This episode of family guy is stereotypical toward Hispanic people. Stewie accuses the maid of stealing his 1000 dollars and when she is in court, the lawyer tells her to bring her own Pinesol because they don't have any.
Stereotype = cognitive
Prejudice = affective
Sanam Nazer
A07964989
This episode of family guy is stereotypical toward Hispanic people. Stewie accuses the maid of stealing his 1000 dollars and when she is in court, the lawyer tells her to bring her own Pinesol because they don't have any.
Stereotype = cognitive
Prejudice = affective
Sanam Nazer
A07964989
THE BYSTANDER EFFECT
In this clip it shows a clear example of the bystander effect/ diffusion of responsibility. A man and then later a woman (both actors) laid on concrete steps in public waiting for help. Because everyone else didn't do anything, most people passing by chose not to do anything as well. However, there was one person who was on the wall about helping the woman. She looked for awhile but decided to walk away but suddenly a construction worker comes up to see if the woman on the step is okay and then she comes back to see if she's okay.
Julie Fry
A08591140
Julie Fry
A08591140
Gender Roles in Disney Movies
This Disney movie clip encompasses a lot of the pressures society places on males and females. It's quite sad because the media starts brainwashing us at such a young age with what your gender role is and what is expected of you. I personally, never noticed how much Disney movies did this until I watched this clip. Here are some of the examples the clip talks about:
*Different way females and males are portrayed physically in Disney movies:
Females- small waist, unrealistic body shape, tall and slender, long flowing hair, large innocent eyes, etc.
Males- hyper masculine, bulging muscles, strong features
* Gender roles
Snow White: Unusually happy to clean up after other people's mess
Little Mermaid: Gives up her family and her voice for a man. Areal is a little concerned but Ursula reassures her that men are only interested in a woman's physical attractiveness and nothing else (ex. personality, intelligence, etc.)
Aladdin: Jasmine is captured by Jafar but Aladdin comes to rescue her by reclaiming the genie/ magic lamp. Jasmine's way of distracting Jafar (so that Aladdin can steal the magic lamp) is by flirting with him and using her sexual charm.
Cinderella: Gustan is confused why Belle is uninterested in him given that he has all the alpha male qualities/ mentality.
Mulan: Captain Shang says he'll make a man out of Mulan. He sings, "I'll make a man out of you" while the movie shows Mulan (a woman) as a clueless and weak person in training for battle.
Julie Fry
A08591140
*Different way females and males are portrayed physically in Disney movies:
Females- small waist, unrealistic body shape, tall and slender, long flowing hair, large innocent eyes, etc.
Males- hyper masculine, bulging muscles, strong features
* Gender roles
Snow White: Unusually happy to clean up after other people's mess
Little Mermaid: Gives up her family and her voice for a man. Areal is a little concerned but Ursula reassures her that men are only interested in a woman's physical attractiveness and nothing else (ex. personality, intelligence, etc.)
Aladdin: Jasmine is captured by Jafar but Aladdin comes to rescue her by reclaiming the genie/ magic lamp. Jasmine's way of distracting Jafar (so that Aladdin can steal the magic lamp) is by flirting with him and using her sexual charm.
Cinderella: Gustan is confused why Belle is uninterested in him given that he has all the alpha male qualities/ mentality.
Mulan: Captain Shang says he'll make a man out of Mulan. He sings, "I'll make a man out of you" while the movie shows Mulan (a woman) as a clueless and weak person in training for battle.
Julie Fry
A08591140
Relational Aggression
This is a clear example of relational aggression. In this video, it's clear that Heather and Sarah (two girls on the bed) want nothing to do with Rhonda(the girl who walks into the room uninvited) because she's a liar and a "rat". However, once Sarah leaves the room to go to the restroom, Rhonda threatens Heather. Rhonda says she'll tell everyone that Heather likes Sarah in a romantic way unless they go to her survivor group. Rhonda adds to the threat that regardless of whether this rumor is true or not, everyone will believe Rhonda over Heather if she says it. Sarah returns from the restroom and Rhonda changes completely. She compliments Sarah's toenails showing no sign of her previous behavior.
Julie Fry
A08591140
Julie Fry
A08591140
Conformity in Ambiguous Situations
This is a clear example of how people conform in ambiguous situations. In this video of a Japanese prank, a mob of 100 people all do the same thing at the same time to see how the target person will react. Since the event is happening so quickly, the target person relies on the group to determine his actions in this ambiguous situation.
GeeYeon Do
A07886726
conformity
http://www.boston.com/news/education/k_12/articles/2007/12/18/prank_led_school_to_treat_two_with_shock/
A prankster calls a school and poses as supervisors. He instructs the teachers to punish 2 special educations students with electric shocks. This story is very similar to the McDonald's story in the text book in chapter 8. Informational conformity is seen because the prankster poses as an authority figure, giving commands to subordinates.
A06987520
A prankster calls a school and poses as supervisors. He instructs the teachers to punish 2 special educations students with electric shocks. This story is very similar to the McDonald's story in the text book in chapter 8. Informational conformity is seen because the prankster poses as an authority figure, giving commands to subordinates.
A06987520
attraction
This video is an example of mere exposure effect and propinquity. The man in the song searches everywhere to find a woman, but ends up falling in love with a person who was right next to him this whole time. The waitress, who he fell in love with, served his breakfast everyday and worked near where he lived. He was probably more attracted to her because he was exposed to her everday (mere exposure effect). Also, people are attracted to others who are nearby, and she definitely was!
A06987520
Joey on Friends becomes a woman
After Joey gets a new girl roommate, Chandler realizes that he is slowly becoming a woman. This clip is Chandler trying to make Joey realize how much of a woman he has become and Joey gets very offended and slightly emotional when Chandler hurts his feelings by calling him a woman. Joey's response to Chandler is a good example of how women are perceived to act.
A083861235
A083861235
conformity
Hello,
http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=91912&page=1
This article I found online relates to conformity. A few people in Kokomo reported hearing a humming sound that created many physical discomfort, such as headaches and diarrhea. When others heard about it, they also began to hear the hum and mysteriously reported similar symptoms. This "hum" might have been a real sound, but no one in a town nearby reported hearing this hum. These people claim that these physical symptoms are real. I think this relates to a story in the book about mass psychogenic illness. A teacher reported smelling gasoline and experienced physical symptoms, and soon, other people began to experience them too. This informational social influence happens because as soon as a few people say that the hum made them sick, other people relate their physical symptoms to the hum, and then the hum becomes a main belief of their physical symptoms.
A06987520
http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=91912&page=1
This article I found online relates to conformity. A few people in Kokomo reported hearing a humming sound that created many physical discomfort, such as headaches and diarrhea. When others heard about it, they also began to hear the hum and mysteriously reported similar symptoms. This "hum" might have been a real sound, but no one in a town nearby reported hearing this hum. These people claim that these physical symptoms are real. I think this relates to a story in the book about mass psychogenic illness. A teacher reported smelling gasoline and experienced physical symptoms, and soon, other people began to experience them too. This informational social influence happens because as soon as a few people say that the hum made them sick, other people relate their physical symptoms to the hum, and then the hum becomes a main belief of their physical symptoms.
A06987520
An article about gender differences in the workplace
This article I think does a good job detailing some of the most prevalent gender stereotypes in the workplace and how people perceive certain emotions in men and women. At the beginning of the article there is also an outline of "How to Tell a Male Boss From a Female Boss" which shows how women usually get the negative connotations and perceptions of certain actions/emotions. An interesting distinction that this article brought up was that men at work that are emotional are defined as "not being able to control their temper" where if a woman is emotional, she is usually labeled as being "crazy."
http://www.cnn.com/2010/LIVING/worklife/04/28/cb.gender.perceptions.at.work/index.html?iref=allsearch
A08361235
http://www.cnn.com/2010/LIVING/worklife/04/28/cb.gender.perceptions.at.work/index.html?iref=allsearch
A08361235
Stereotyping
In the episode "The Breakup" from the tv series 30 Rock, Toofer, a highly educated and sophisticated African American, looks down on his co-worker, Tracy Jordan, who is a wacked-out, unpredictable movie star, portrays the stereotype of an African American as "ghetto" and gangster, and ignorant. Tracy, most likely faced with self-fulfilling prophecy, confronts Toofer:
Tracy: "I thought writing with you was going to be like two brothers writing together, but we're not even speaking the same language!"
Toofer: "That's right, I'm speaking English."
Tracy: "Come on, who raised you?! Standing there with your pants sat fit, using a wallet, drinking starbucks...where's your heritage? my brother, my homeboy, my ...."
"I think you're ashamed in being black and you're an embarrassment to your community"
Toofer: "You are an embarrassment to me because there are racist people in this world and when they see you act like a fool, they assume that we are all fools!"
This is the definition of steretyping: a generalization about a group of people in which certain traits are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among the members. This example also shows that people stereotype even within their own racial groups. They start to believe these stereotypes which then leads them to behave and act according to those views.
-Ashley Lui
Tracy: "I thought writing with you was going to be like two brothers writing together, but we're not even speaking the same language!"
Toofer: "That's right, I'm speaking English."
Tracy: "Come on, who raised you?! Standing there with your pants sat fit, using a wallet, drinking starbucks...where's your heritage? my brother, my homeboy, my ...."
"I think you're ashamed in being black and you're an embarrassment to your community"
Toofer: "You are an embarrassment to me because there are racist people in this world and when they see you act like a fool, they assume that we are all fools!"
This is the definition of steretyping: a generalization about a group of people in which certain traits are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among the members. This example also shows that people stereotype even within their own racial groups. They start to believe these stereotypes which then leads them to behave and act according to those views.
-Ashley Lui
Power of Advertising
Advertising is a powerful persuasive force, and can encourage consumers to buy products they normally wouldn't buy, or purchase one product over another highly-similar product. One can see that in Coca-Cola's advertising strategy. Coke is a soft drink much like many other soft drinks; consumers just don't use objective knowledge like calories, sugar content, etc. to make decisions on what soda to drink. So, soda companies play on the emotions, going after the affectively based attitudes.
This ad is a great one of a guy walking up to a vending machine to buy a Coke. An entire sequences plays where the guy's quarter rolls into the vending machine, and a whole world is discovered of fun, playful, and imaginative critters running around the vending machine world to create the perfect drink. Happy music is being played, and everyone is having a blast creating the Coke drink in what amounts to an amusement park. Finally, a parade is held to usher the drink into the hands of the customer. All of this plays into Coke's master plan, to make the viewer feel like Coke is all about excitement and good times. That Coke is the drink of choice for celebrations and good-ol fashioned fun. More than that, Coke establishes that the company will go to great lengths to make sure you get a GREAT product. All of this is emotional, and certainly ties in to changing one's perspective on soda choice without really changing one's mind on what the physical product is.
Shawn Xu
A08368140
This ad is a great one of a guy walking up to a vending machine to buy a Coke. An entire sequences plays where the guy's quarter rolls into the vending machine, and a whole world is discovered of fun, playful, and imaginative critters running around the vending machine world to create the perfect drink. Happy music is being played, and everyone is having a blast creating the Coke drink in what amounts to an amusement park. Finally, a parade is held to usher the drink into the hands of the customer. All of this plays into Coke's master plan, to make the viewer feel like Coke is all about excitement and good times. That Coke is the drink of choice for celebrations and good-ol fashioned fun. More than that, Coke establishes that the company will go to great lengths to make sure you get a GREAT product. All of this is emotional, and certainly ties in to changing one's perspective on soda choice without really changing one's mind on what the physical product is.
Shawn Xu
A08368140
Subliminal Advertising
This is a fun ad from Sprite that warns the viewer that he/she is about to be blasted by subliminal advertising before the ad, so one becomes CONSCIOUSLY aware of the subliminal messages that would have passed under the radar without the warning. Although the current research seems to suggest that subliminal advertising doesn't work, Sprite seemed to believe that it would have a good effect for them. This ad has snatches of millisecond long clips that encourage you to think about the freshness and zest of Sprite. There are also many small subliminal messages that you can't catch on the first run through, such as the staticy "OBEY" text that appears at the end. The little subliminal messages are diverse and all over the place, but it definitely worked on me. It got me thirsty and made me want to get one for sure! That fits the description of subliminal advertising to "influence people's judgements, attitudes, and behaviors".
Shawn Xu
A08368140
Shawn Xu
A08368140
Conformity & Prejudice
During the lecture and readings on conformity/prejudice, I remembered a social experiment that a high school teacher conducted in Palo Alto, CA called the Third Wave. The teacher, Mr. Ron Jones, attempted to teach his students about fascism in Nazi Germany. Essentially, he created a movement for his students to become a part of, and set down rules for his students to follow. Students had to be sitting at attention before the second bell, had to stand up to ask or answer questions and had to do it in three words or fewer, and were required to preface each remark with "Mr. Jones." He also came up with a salute, and asked his students to salute each other, even when outside of class.
More or less, students from all over the school joined. They're grades improved because of participation in the group movement, and were each individually tasked with little projects (create a group flag, etc.). By the third day of the project, it got out of hand, and students were reporting to Mr. Jones as if he was an omnipotent leader, and even got students in trouble who didn't follow the rules. The experiment ended with Mr. Jones unveiling the face of their true leader, and proceeded to show a portrait of Adolf Hitler. He explained that the experiment meant to show the sense of superiority German citizens felt during the Nazi period, and how they could have turned a blind eye to Nazi wrongdoing as a "for the good of the group" mentality.
Here are two clips of a movie based on this experiment. It embellishes a little, adding in how group members attacked those who did not join. This experiment really reminded me of Jane Elliot's "Eye of the Storm" study, and shows reminders of what ingroup bias is. Furthermore, it shows the real normative social influence that can occur on students. Students got really invested into this movement, and showed classic blind obediance to authority.
Shawn Xu
A08368140
More or less, students from all over the school joined. They're grades improved because of participation in the group movement, and were each individually tasked with little projects (create a group flag, etc.). By the third day of the project, it got out of hand, and students were reporting to Mr. Jones as if he was an omnipotent leader, and even got students in trouble who didn't follow the rules. The experiment ended with Mr. Jones unveiling the face of their true leader, and proceeded to show a portrait of Adolf Hitler. He explained that the experiment meant to show the sense of superiority German citizens felt during the Nazi period, and how they could have turned a blind eye to Nazi wrongdoing as a "for the good of the group" mentality.
Here are two clips of a movie based on this experiment. It embellishes a little, adding in how group members attacked those who did not join. This experiment really reminded me of Jane Elliot's "Eye of the Storm" study, and shows reminders of what ingroup bias is. Furthermore, it shows the real normative social influence that can occur on students. Students got really invested into this movement, and showed classic blind obediance to authority.
Shawn Xu
A08368140
The Exchange Relationship
I thought of a good example for the idea of the exchange relationship. An exchange relationship is a relationship in which both people want and to put in the same costs and receive the same rewards as the other person, thus making the relationship equal. In the novel The Joy Luck Club, one of the characters, Lena, and her husband, Harold, decide to split everything in their relationship - making it fair and equal. They split all of the costs, right down to who buys the cat food! In the end, Lena is very unsatisfied with the constant auditing of who's putting in what and who's receiving what. In the end,this plan for equality pushed the couple away from one another.
A07761962
A07761962
Gender Stereotypes - "How to be a MAN!"
Here's a youtube video I found which is a good example of gender stereotypes. This video tells people "How to be a MAN." While telling his viewers how men are supposed to be like, he also includes how men should shave (since he's being sponsored by Gillette). Some of the things he says are that men: are not afraid of bugs like women are, don't cry unless they lose something they love (game console), don't cook because there's no time and they like things fast, don't smell flowers like women do but experience them, wears the same clothes more than once even they smell bad, etc.
Julie Quach
A07966019
Julie Quach
A07966019
Gender stereotype -Happily Ever After
A07084249
Many children's books and Disney movies such as Cinderella, Snow White, Beauty and the Beast, etc. expose children to gender stereotype at a very young age. The stories illustrate stereotypical gender roles. They protray girls as princesses who are emotiona, weak and require a prince to come rescue them. Boys are strong and adventurous. The following clip shows how children learn stereotypical gender roles from the childhood bedtime stories and fantasies.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ign5BLzxe24&feature=related
Many children's books and Disney movies such as Cinderella, Snow White, Beauty and the Beast, etc. expose children to gender stereotype at a very young age. The stories illustrate stereotypical gender roles. They protray girls as princesses who are emotiona, weak and require a prince to come rescue them. Boys are strong and adventurous. The following clip shows how children learn stereotypical gender roles from the childhood bedtime stories and fantasies.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ign5BLzxe24&feature=related
Sunday, June 6, 2010
Aggression-is it learned?
A07084249
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_s9pG5CWXM&NR=1&feature=fvwp
The preceding clip advertised that children observe and learn readily from the people around them. The boy learned to use profanity and cursing gestures from the angry adult. The son learned domestic violence from the dad. Hostile aggression can be picked up while at a very young age.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_s9pG5CWXM&NR=1&feature=fvwp
The preceding clip advertised that children observe and learn readily from the people around them. The boy learned to use profanity and cursing gestures from the angry adult. The son learned domestic violence from the dad. Hostile aggression can be picked up while at a very young age.
low balling
A07084249
In my sophomore year in college, I was offered a promotional package for a cruise to the Bahamas. I had never been on a cruise before and really wanted to go to the Bahamas. I had to pay a portion of the price first and then pay the rest later before the trip. However, after the initial payment, I found out that there were other extra costs that were not made clear to me at the beginning. The extra costs were not a lot, but I felt that I had been tricked. However, at that time, I thought I had already made the inital payment and I really liked the details of the trip so I just paid the extra costs. From them on, I learned not to make rash decisions on purchases. It's best to do some research and negotiate for a better deal.
In my sophomore year in college, I was offered a promotional package for a cruise to the Bahamas. I had never been on a cruise before and really wanted to go to the Bahamas. I had to pay a portion of the price first and then pay the rest later before the trip. However, after the initial payment, I found out that there were other extra costs that were not made clear to me at the beginning. The extra costs were not a lot, but I felt that I had been tricked. However, at that time, I thought I had already made the inital payment and I really liked the details of the trip so I just paid the extra costs. From them on, I learned not to make rash decisions on purchases. It's best to do some research and negotiate for a better deal.
Conformity and Fads
In this episode of South Park the 4 main characters soon find themselves as outcast all because they've decided not to join in on the "High School Musical Fad". Soon they realize that their friend Butters is considered to be "cooler then them" at school and they finally give in and join the fad. Ironically after trying to kill the fad all episode, it finally dies once they decided to join in on it.
A08498474
A08498474
Example of Conformity in Mean Girls
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmFtc6FsHtI&feature=related
Cady, who has been homeschooled her entire life, is forced to learn the rules of high school. She instantly makes friends with these two who were in the out crowd, Damian and Janis. Soon she meets the Plastics, the three prettiest, and most popular girls in school where she is immediately let into their group. She learns that she has to conform to all their rules such as being allowed to wear her hair up only once a week, wear pink on wednesdays, and wear jeans on fridays. If she were to break any of these rules, she would not be allowed to sit with them at lunch. Even though she hated Regina, she still wanted to be a part of their group and wanted them to like her because she did not want to risk social disapproval.
-Ashley Lui
Cady, who has been homeschooled her entire life, is forced to learn the rules of high school. She instantly makes friends with these two who were in the out crowd, Damian and Janis. Soon she meets the Plastics, the three prettiest, and most popular girls in school where she is immediately let into their group. She learns that she has to conform to all their rules such as being allowed to wear her hair up only once a week, wear pink on wednesdays, and wear jeans on fridays. If she were to break any of these rules, she would not be allowed to sit with them at lunch. Even though she hated Regina, she still wanted to be a part of their group and wanted them to like her because she did not want to risk social disapproval.
-Ashley Lui
Stereotype of women
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLrsCnBvQFo
here, women are stereotyped as "divas" and princesses and tend to be moody and uptight. on the other hand, men are portrayed as more easygoing and relaxed about everything.
-Ashley Lui
here, women are stereotyped as "divas" and princesses and tend to be moody and uptight. on the other hand, men are portrayed as more easygoing and relaxed about everything.
-Ashley Lui
Example of altruism
A08267523. Since the definition of altruism is having unselfish concerns for oneself or devotion for the welfare of others, I thought that the book "The Giving Tree" showed an example of altruism. Even though the tree was not a "human" it still helped the boy as he grew without looking for anything in return.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TZCP6OqRlE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TZCP6OqRlE
Power of Advertising
In Chapter 7, the power of advertising and its effects are discussed. Advertising is most effective when it fights emotions with emotion. For example, the chapter discusses how a soda pop commercial will play to "people's emotions, trying to associate feelings of excitement, youth, energy, and sexual attractiveness with the brand" (pg. 200) rather than state the monotonous facts about the actual soda product. A good example of this was with Pepsi and how it used Britney Spears to advertise its product. Britney Spears created a more sexy and youthful approach to the product. She made Pepsi popular, attracted many customers to want the product, and mimicked a new way of life and fun consumers could have if they too drank Pepsi. I have pasted the youtube link to the commercial below.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjVy7TOgCnU&feature=related
Melissa Karson
A08096719
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjVy7TOgCnU&feature=related
Melissa Karson
A08096719
racism (stereotyping)
A08267523. 2 people enter a food place and want to order food but because of being Mexican American, they are treated with many of the stereotypical facts that people assume their race with. One man learns after much observation that he was wrong and that he shouldn't treat people with such narrow perspective.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5LDgOMr6jw&feature=PlayList&p=85C16F4AB04B8FAC&playnext_from=PL&playnext=1&index=14
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5LDgOMr6jw&feature=PlayList&p=85C16F4AB04B8FAC&playnext_from=PL&playnext=1&index=14
In-group vs. Out-group (aggression)
Going to football games easily demonstrate in-group vs. out-group. When divisional rivalry go against each other, fans get crazy. When Raiders play against the Chargers at Qualcomm stadium, Chargers fans will form an alliance and the Raiders fans form an alliance. They will go against each other by trash talking and sometime fighting. This is also another example of hostile aggression. This clip pretty much explains everything.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XVN-qW0j1Ho
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XVN-qW0j1Ho
Andrew Cheung
A08142374
Low Balling
Couple years ago, my parents and I were planning to buy a truck. We were considering a Toyota Tacoma and went the Toyota dealership. I saw the one I wanted and I really like the truck. I already feel a big commitment of purchasing this truck. I was really excited and could not wait until I start driving it. The car salesman brought us back to his office and starts to begin the paperwork. Good thing my parents were there to negotiate the price of the truck because I know I cannot do it on my own. My dad stated the price we were willing to pay. The car salesman went to talk to his supervisor and came back five minutes later. They were willing to give us this price and not the price that we wanted. Then my dad again trying to talk the price down and if they don’t approve the price we ask for then we are going to leave. The car salesman went back to his supervisor. I would be really sad if that happened. I told my dad I was willing to pay a little more. My dad laughed at me and said you get sucked into their trap so easily. Which is true, low balling would of work on me. At the end, they approved the price we asked for and I went home driving a brand new truck.
Andrew Cheung
A08142374
Andrew Cheung
A08142374
Altruism is Evolutionary?
In this experiment done by German Scientist in Leipzig, Germany at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology they found that young children would spontaneously help researchers with basic task. What was even more surprising is that Chimpanzees would also show this same sort of spontaneous altruism.
This significance of this study is that it explains why altruism is so often linked to human nature. What ever evolutionary ancestor we share with chimps was likely to also show altruistic behaviors and thus it was passed along to us evolutionarily. This also begins to explain why we as humans are so attracted and drawn toward altruistic individuals.
The Human Spark . Video Excerpt: Chimps vs. Children - Program Two: So Human, So Chimp | PBS
A08498474
This significance of this study is that it explains why altruism is so often linked to human nature. What ever evolutionary ancestor we share with chimps was likely to also show altruistic behaviors and thus it was passed along to us evolutionarily. This also begins to explain why we as humans are so attracted and drawn toward altruistic individuals.
The Human Spark . Video Excerpt: Chimps vs. Children - Program Two: So Human, So Chimp | PBS
A08498474
Aggression
Every NFL games, players need to be aggressive on the field to be successful on every down every play. Hostile aggression is not acceptable in football unless their emotion starts to show like in this clip.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjxiN8RESSU&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjxiN8RESSU&feature=related
Andrew Cheung
A08142374
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